Big Ten
18 members (2026 football membership). FY2025 = 2024-25. Click a column header to sort; the subtly shaded cell is the highest in its column.
Markets
What this means: how many people live around each campus and how big its home TV market is. TV market rank: 1 = largest in the U.S.
| School | City | Metro population | TV market | TV market rank | TV homes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indiana University Bloomington | Bloomington, IN | 165,231 | Indianapolis, IN | #25 | 1,232,210 |
| Michigan State University | East Lansing, MI | 479,722 | Lansing, MI | #117 | 265,830 |
| Northwestern University | Evanston, IL | 9,434,123 | Chicago, IL | #3 | 3,654,750 |
| Ohio State University | Columbus, OH | 2,242,028 | Columbus, OH | #35 | 1,018,390 |
| Pennsylvania State University | State College (University Park), PA | 157,393 | Johnstown-Altoona-State College, PA | #112 | 285,520 |
| Purdue University | West Lafayette, IN | 228,468 | Lafayette, IN | #189 | 74,620 |
| Rutgers University-New Brunswick | New Brunswick, NJ | 20,112,448 | New York, NY | #1 | 7,494,510 |
| University of California, Los Angeles | Los Angeles, CA | 12,844,441 | Los Angeles, CA | #2 | 5,835,790 |
| University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign | Champaign (Urbana-Champaign), IL | 239,979 | Champaign & Springfield-Decatur, IL | #92 | 371,520 |
| University of Iowa | Iowa City, IA | 182,711 | Cedar Rapids-Waterloo-Iowa City-Dubuque, IA | #94 | 364,130 |
| University of Maryland, College Park | College Park, MD | 6,465,724 | Washington, DC (Hagerstown, MD) | #8 | 2,630,640 |
| University of Michigan | Ann Arbor, MI | 370,214 | Detroit, MI | #14 | 1,940,750 |
| University of Minnesota Twin Cities | Minneapolis, MN | 3,790,295 | Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN | #16 | 1,886,680 |
| University of Nebraska-Lincoln | Lincoln, NE | 352,081 | Lincoln & Hastings-Kearney, NE | #107 | 296,500 |
| University of Oregon | Eugene, OR | 381,584 | Eugene, OR | #120 | 256,020 |
| University of Southern California | Los Angeles, CA | 12,844,441 | Los Angeles, CA | #2 | 5,835,790 |
| University of Washington | Seattle, WA | 4,161,883 | Seattle-Tacoma, WA | #13 | 2,098,240 |
| University of Wisconsin-Madison | Madison, WI | 709,685 | Madison, WI | #77 | 443,220 |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau Vintage 2025 (city, metro); Nielsen 2024-25 DMA estimates. Source links for every cell are on the school pages.
Revenue & spending (FY2025)
What this means: what each athletic department took in and spent, and how much of its revenue comes from football.
| School | Revenue | Spending | Football revenue | Football share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indiana University Bloomington | $182.1M | $159.3M | $80.9M | 44% |
| Michigan State University | $160.7M | $160.7M | $77.1M | 48% |
| Northwestern University | $131.8M | $131.8M | $85.6M | 65% |
| Ohio State University | $295.3M | $295.3M | $160.5M | 54% |
| Pennsylvania State University | $254.4M | $231.7M | $150.3M | 59% |
| Purdue University | $150.5M | $135.1M | $83.1M | 55% |
| Rutgers University-New Brunswick | $171.7M | $171.7M | $75.9M | 44% |
| University of California, Los Angeles | $173.4M | $173.4M | $55.2M | 32% |
| University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign | $174.6M | $174.6M | $87.9M | 50% |
| University of Iowa | $180.0M | $150.9M | $105.2M | 58% |
| University of Maryland, College Park | $128.7M | $128.7M | $63.1M | 49% |
| University of Michigan | $236.4M | $222.1M | $175.3M | 74% |
| University of Minnesota Twin Cities | $156.8M | $146.8M | $101.7M | 65% |
| University of Nebraska-Lincoln | $205.8M | $198.5M | $122.3M | 59% |
| University of Oregon | $167.1M | $164.7M | $119.6M | 72% |
| University of Southern California | $234.0M | $234.0M | $74.0M | 32% |
| University of Washington | $178.4M | $174.8M | $121.0M | 68% |
| University of Wisconsin-Madison | $190.5M | $180.5M | $112.3M | 59% |
Source: U.S. Dept. of Education, Equity in Athletics (EADA), FY2025 = 2024-25 (ope.ed.gov/athletics). Football share = football revenue ÷ total revenue (calc).
Public-school finances (FY2025)
What this means: subsidy is money moved into athletics from the university and student fees. Revenue minus expenses below zero means the department ran a deficit even after counting that subsidy.
| School | Revenue | Expenses | Subsidy | Donors | Debt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indiana University Bloomington | $183.4M | $173.0M | $27.9M | $26.4M | $92.6M |
| Michigan State University | $179.9M | $178.3M | $7.7M | $37.0M | $90.1M |
| Ohio State University | $336.1M | $320.7M | $112K | $69.0M | $273.6M |
| Pennsylvania State University | $254.9M | $254.6M | $0 | $64.6M | $534.7M |
| Purdue University | $150.5M | $149.7M | $0 | $27.7M | $113.9M |
| Rutgers University-New Brunswick | $146.6M | $193.8M | $30.9M | $8.1M | $48.8M |
| University of California, Los Angeles | $151.8M | $173.4M | $31.1M | $13.5M | $0 |
| University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign | $194.8M | $189.9M | $11.6M | $50.7M | $304.5M |
| University of Iowa | $180.0M | $173.4M | $2.8M | $35.1M | $231.8M |
| University of Maryland, College Park | $124.0M | $128.7M | $18.7M | $11.3M | $6.8M |
| University of Michigan | $275.8M | $269.6M | $240K | $50.4M | $236.2M |
| University of Minnesota Twin Cities | $163.6M | $161.2M | $11.7M | $22.4M | $150.6M |
| University of Nebraska-Lincoln | $215.1M | $212.7M | $0 | $48.4M | $10.7M |
| University of Oregon | $185.4M | $182.7M | $589K | $33.2M | $157.9M |
| University of Washington | $178.5M | $184.4M | $10.8M | $52.9M | $279.1M |
| University of Wisconsin-Madison | $197.9M | $193.6M | $10.4M | $26.2M | $130.6M |
Source: Knight-Newhouse College Athletics Database (knightnewhousedata.org), NCAA financial reports of public schools, FY2025. Subsidy = institutional/government support + student fees (summed by us). Not covered (private, or no data): Northwestern University, University of Southern California.
Wealth & pay
What this means: university endowments and fundraising (not athletics money), plus the head football coach’s pay where a private school’s tax filing shows it. † = system-wide or combined endowment.
Source: NACUBO-Commonfund FY2025 endowments; each school’s own fundraising report (measures and years differ, so not strictly comparable); IRS Form 990 via ProPublica (FY2025/TY2024). Source links are on the school pages.
Over time
Source: U.S. Dept. of Education, Equity in Athletics (EADA), FY2007–FY2025 (ope.ed.gov/athletics). Sums of member schools (calc).
Show the numbers
| Year | Revenue | Football revenue |
|---|---|---|
| FY2007 | $1.19B | $535.0M |
| FY2008 | $1.28B | $608.4M |
| FY2009 | $1.31B | $628.8M |
| FY2010 | $1.36B | $642.1M |
| FY2011 | $1.46B | $675.2M |
| FY2012 | $1.52B | $753.7M |
| FY2013 | $1.63B | $777.2M |
| FY2014 | $1.72B | $828.1M |
| FY2015 | $1.82B | $879.3M |
| FY2016 | $1.92B | $969.9M |
| FY2017 | $2.06B | $1.03B |
| FY2018 | $2.27B | $1.22B |
| FY2019 | $2.34B | $1.29B |
| FY2020 | $2.32B | $1.31B |
| FY2021 | $1.80B | $756.5M |
| FY2022 | $2.68B | $1.41B |
| FY2023 | $2.91B | $1.51B |
| FY2024 | $3.19B | $1.63B |
| FY2025 | $3.37B | $1.85B |
Source: Knight-Newhouse College Athletics Database (knightnewhousedata.org), NCAA financial reports of public schools, FY2005–FY2025. Sums of 16 public members (calc); fewer schools in FY2006, FY2007, FY2008, FY2009.
Show the numbers
| Year | Revenue | Expenses |
|---|---|---|
| FY2005 | $889.1M | $864.1M |
| FY2006 | $921.6M | $877.7M |
| FY2007 | $1.01B | $953.8M |
| FY2008 | $1.10B | $1.05B |
| FY2009 | $1.11B | $1.08B |
| FY2010 | $1.33B | $1.21B |
| FY2011 | $1.37B | $1.30B |
| FY2012 | $1.45B | $1.38B |
| FY2013 | $1.58B | $1.51B |
| FY2014 | $1.73B | $1.58B |
| FY2015 | $1.72B | $1.70B |
| FY2016 | $1.83B | $1.82B |
| FY2017 | $2.01B | $1.95B |
| FY2018 | $2.19B | $2.13B |
| FY2019 | $2.23B | $2.22B |
| FY2020 | $2.44B | $2.19B |
| FY2021 | $1.41B | $1.79B |
| FY2022 | $2.44B | $2.35B |
| FY2023 | $2.67B | $2.72B |
| FY2024 | $2.84B | $2.98B |
| FY2025 | $3.12B | $3.14B |
League notes
Markets, endowments and giving
- Endowments (18 of 18 with figures): total $110.03B, median $4.69B. Richest: University of Michigan $21.20B, Northwestern University $15.17B, University of Southern California $9.03B. Smallest: University of Maryland, College Park $1.24B, University of Oregon $1.84B. Totals mix system, foundation and institution scopes.
- Giving (15 of 18 with a reported total; mixed measures and FYs): sum $8.25B, median $536.8M. Top: University of Michigan $886.0M (FY2025), University of Washington $863.2M (FY2025), Ohio State University $825.4M (FY2025).
- Markets: biggest TV markets: Rutgers University-New Brunswick (New York, NY #1), University of California, Los Angeles (Los Angeles, CA #2), University of Southern California (Los Angeles, CA #2). Smallest: Purdue University (Lafayette, IN #189, 74,620 homes), University of Oregon (Eugene, OR #120, 256,020 homes), Michigan State University (Lansing, MI #117, 265,830 homes). Unique DMAs total 30,149,320 TV homes (24.0% of U.S. 2024-25). Unique metro/micro areas total 62,318,010 people (2025).
- Smallest home cities: College Park, MD 35,418, State College (University Park), PA 40,844, West Lafayette, IN 45,747. Largest: Los Angeles, CA 3,869,089, Los Angeles, CA 3,869,089.
Athletic budgets (FY2025)
- Big Ten has the highest football share (55% of revenue) and the most football revenue ($1.85B). Ohio State ($295.3M) and Penn State ($254.4M) lead, and conference/media distributions are the largest of any league (Ohio State $97.8M, Nebraska $93.4M). Rutgers is the outlier: −$47.2M on its KN report even after a $30.9M subsidy.
EADA = U.S. Dept. of Education; Knight-Newhouse = NCAA financial reports, public schools only; Form 990 = IRS filings of private schools. Never combine EADA, Knight-Newhouse and 990 figures. Sources for every cell are on the school pages.